【非遺汕頭】三尺戲台掌中戲，十指交織悲與歡-香港廣東社團總會

【非遺汕頭】三尺戲台掌中戲，十指交織悲與歡

2026-04-21 11:38

<section class="weixin_import rich_media_content js_underline_content autoTypeSetting24psection " style="margin: 27px 0px;"> <style type="text/css">.cooldown_tips { margin: 30px auto; margin-top: 0; display: flex; align-items: center; padding: 10px; font-size: 14px; background-color: #f6f7f9; border-radius: 6px; } .cooldown_tips_icon { display: block; width: 18px; height: 18px; margin-right: 8px; } </style> <section nodeleaf="" style="text-align: center;">&nbsp;</section> <section data-pm-slice="0 0 []" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 10px;margin-left: 0%;visibility: visible;"> <section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-style: solid;border-width: 0px 0px 1px 1px;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62) rgb(62, 62, 62) rgb(230, 206, 132) rgb(230, 206, 132);padding: 30px;visibility: visible;"> <section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(114, 114, 114);text-align: center;visibility: visible;"> <p><span leaf="">笑爾胸中無一物，本來朽木製為身。</span></p> <p><span leaf="">衣冠也學詩文輩，面貌能驚市井人。</span></p> <p><span leaf="">得意那知當局醜，旁觀莫認戲場真。</span></p> <p><span leaf="">縱教四肢能靈活，不藉提撕不屈伸。</span></p> <p style="visibility:visible">&nbsp;</p> <p style="visibility:visible">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:right; visibility:visible"><span leaf="">——</span><span leaf="">鄭板橋《詠</span><span leaf="">傀儡》</span></p> </section> </section> </section> <section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="visibility: visible;"> <p style="visibility:visible; white-space:normal">&nbsp;</p> </section> <section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;visibility: visible;"> <section nodeleaf="" style="vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;visibility: visible;"><img alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-aistatus="1" data-ratio="0.6666667" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="/data/uploads/hkgd20171027s5c490c4a75199f783e9/images/article_component/149239/20260421_113909_pHrrHZ.jpg" style="vertical-align: middle; box-sizing: border-box; height: inherit; visibility: visible !important; width: 661px !important;"></section> </section> <section powered-by="xiumi.us"> <p style="white-space:normal">&nbsp;</p> <p><span leaf="">鐵枝木偶 （攝影：黃劍豐）</span></p> <p style="white-space:normal">&nbsp;</p> <p><span leaf="">鄭板橋的《詠傀儡》用簡單自然的語言，對木偶藝術作了惟妙惟肖的描繪。所謂“三尺戲台掌中戲，十指交織悲與歡”，小小的戲台，演繹著一齣出經典潮劇、人生百態。</span></p> </section> <section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;"> <section nodeleaf="" style="vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;"><img alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-aistatus="1" data-ratio="0.537037" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1080" src="/data/uploads/hkgd20171027s5c490c4a75199f783e9/images/article_component/149239/20260421_113909_JYZer7.jpg" style="vertical-align: middle; box-sizing: border-box; height: inherit; visibility: visible !important; width: 661px !important;"></section> </section> <section powered-by="xiumi.us"> <p style="white-space:normal">&nbsp;</p> <p><span leaf="">汕頭澄海的鐵枝木偶戲，是迎神賽會的重要組成部分，更是具有地域特色的文化符號。它沒有“紙”，也沒有“影”，卻常被稱作“紙影戲”，其前身是皮影戲演變而來。</span></p> <p style="white-space:normal">&nbsp;</p> <span leaf="">早在漢至唐代就有了皮影演出的歌舞戲，南宋期間，中原皮影戲演出進入全盛期，清嘉慶版《澄海縣志》有「十五日各鄉社迎儺神，夜尤盛……其後各社競賽梨園至三月乃止」「正月燈，二月戲，又演影戲，</span><span leaf="">鑼鼓徹夜」的記載，可見其時遊藝影戲之盛。</span></section> <section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;"> <section nodeleaf="" style="vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;"><img alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-aistatus="1" data-ratio="1.3333333" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1080" src="/data/uploads/hkgd20171027s5c490c4a75199f783e9/images/article_component/149239/20260421_113909_X70PrP.jpg" style="vertical-align: middle; box-sizing: border-box; height: inherit; visibility: visible !important; width: 661px !important;"></section> </section> <section powered-by="xiumi.us"> <p><span leaf="">鐵枝木偶的後台 （來源：許端傑）</span></p> <p style="white-space:normal">&nbsp;</p> <p><span leaf="">清道光年間《嶺南雜事詩鈔》卷五中記載「潮人最尚影戲，以豬皮為人物，結台方丈，以紙障其前隅，置燈於後，將皮製人物弄影於紙觀之。」皮影戲用豬皮和牛皮兩種材質製作成人物，表演時台內放一盞燈，檯面是一個由透明白竹紙糊成的竹框，皮影人物形象映照在紙上，因此稱“竹窗紙影”，又稱“白竹紙影戲”，這便是“紙影戲”。</span></p> </section> <section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;"> <section nodeleaf="" style="vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;"><img alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-aistatus="1" data-ratio="0.5625" data-type="png" data-w="640" src="/data/uploads/hkgd20171027s5c490c4a75199f783e9/images/article_component/149239/20260421_113909_SJdGmF.jpg" style="vertical-align: middle; box-sizing: border-box; height: inherit; visibility: visible !important; width: 640px !important;"></section> </section> <section powered-by="xiumi.us"><span leaf="">鐵枝木偶裡的旦角（攝影：陳雪婷 劉潔瑩）</span> <p style="white-space:normal">&nbsp;</p> <p><span leaf="">清代中後期，民間藝人受潮劇影響，融入本土文化元素，加以利用改造，作出重大的改革，皮影戲台上的紙窗改成繡簾檯面，皮影雕形的人物側面形像也換成木材紮成的實身偶形，用泥塑的頭面、戲裝上身，</span><span leaf="">藝人操縱偶身後三支鐵枝，模仿潮劇演員動作，唱潮腔曲調，於小舞台上表演，這種獨特的表演形式至此才基本定型。 《潮汕民俗大典》均有條文記載澄海鐵枝木偶戲，根據《澄海縣志》記載，流傳至今已200多年的時間。</span></p> </section> <section powered-by="xiumi.us"> <section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 50%;align-self: flex-end;"> <section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="text-align: center;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;justify-content: center;"> <section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;height: 8px;width: 37px;background-color: rgb(191, 127, 85);"> <section><svg aria-label="插图" role="img" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;" viewBox="0 0 1 1"></svg></section> </section> </section> <section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 10px;justify-content: center;"> <section nodeleaf="" style="vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 81%;height: auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-color: rgb(248, 247, 255);"><img alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-aistatus="1" data-ratio="1.553041" data-type="png" data-w="707" src="/data/uploads/hkgd20171027s5c490c4a75199f783e9/images/article_component/149239/20260421_113909_46VTtF.jpg" style="vertical-align: middle; box-sizing: border-box; width: 266.1px !important; height: inherit; visibility: visible !important;"></section> </section> </section> <section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 50%;align-self: flex-end;"> <section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="text-align: left;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;justify-content: flex-start;transform: translate3d(-1px, 0px, 0px);"> <section nodeleaf="" style="vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 90%;height: auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-color: rgb(248, 247, 255);"><img alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-aistatus="1" data-ratio="1.5017794" data-type="png" data-w="843" src="/data/uploads/hkgd20171027s5c490c4a75199f783e9/images/article_component/149239/20260421_113909_y5B8YH.jpg" style="vertical-align: middle; box-sizing: border-box; width: 295.85px !important; height: inherit; visibility: visible !important;"></section> </section> </section> </section> <section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="text-align: right;justify-content: flex-end;margin-top: -90px;margin-bottom: 10px;"> <section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;height: 100px;width: 100px;background-color: rgb(191, 127, 85);"> <section><svg aria-label="插图" role="img" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;" viewBox="0 0 1 1"></svg></section> </section> </section> <p><span leaf="">鐵枝木偶（攝影：許端傑）</span></p> <section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;justify-content: center;transform: translate3d(-1px, 0px, 0px);"> <section nodeleaf="" style="vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 90%;height: auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-color: rgb(248, 247, 255);"><img alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-aistatus="1" data-ratio="1.2840237" data-type="png" data-w="1014" src="/data/uploads/hkgd20171027s5c490c4a75199f783e9/images/article_component/149239/20260421_113909_WQjbaL.jpg" style="vertical-align: middle; box-sizing: border-box; width: 593.3px !important; height: inherit; visibility: visible !important;"></section> </section> <section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="text-align: right;justify-content: flex-end;margin-top: -90px;margin-bottom: 10px;"> <section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;height: 100px;width: 100px;background-color: rgb(191, 127, 85);"> <section><svg aria-label="插图" role="img" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;" viewBox="0 0 1 1"></svg></section> </section> </section> <section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: -28px;"> <section> <p style="white-space:normal"><br> <span style="color:#a0a0a0; font-size:14px"><span leaf="">鐵枝木偶</span><span style="color:#a0a0a0; font-size:14px"><span data-pm-slice="1 1 [&quot;para&quot;,{&quot;tagName&quot;:&quot;section&quot;,&quot;attributes&quot;:{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;margin-top: -28px;&quot;,&quot;powered-by&quot;:&quot;xiumi.us&quot;},&quot;namespaceURI&quot;:&quot;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&quot;},&quot;para&quot;,{&quot;tagName&quot;:&quot;section&quot;,&quot;attributes&quot;:{},&quot;namespaceURI&quot;:&quot;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&quot;},&quot;para&quot;,{&quot;tagName&quot;:&quot;p&quot;,&quot;attributes&quot;:{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;white-space: normal;&quot;},&quot;namespaceURI&quot;:&quot;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&quot;},&quot;node&quot;,{&quot;tagName&quot;:&quot;span&quot;,&quot;attributes&quot;:{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);font-size: 14px;&quot;},&quot;namespaceURI&quot;:&quot;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&quot;}]" leaf="">的头盔</span></span><span leaf="">（攝影：許端傑）</span></span></p> </section> </section> <section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;"> <section style="vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;">&nbsp;</section> </section> <section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;"> <section nodeleaf="" style="vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;"><img alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-aistatus="1" data-ratio="0.537037" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1080" src="/data/uploads/hkgd20171027s5c490c4a75199f783e9/images/article_component/149239/20260421_113909_dLp7Ej.jpg" style="vertical-align: middle; box-sizing: border-box; height: inherit; visibility: visible !important; width: 661px !important;"></section> </section> <section powered-by="xiumi.us"> <p><span leaf="">汕頭鐵枝木偶戲裡的木偶是集塑像、潮繡等傳統工藝於一身的藝術品－紙版貼布貼珠為帽，香稿粉做頭面，木料為軀體，服飾上滿是精美潮繡。</span></p> <p style="white-space:normal">&nbsp;</p> <p><span leaf="">木偶戲演出有傳統劇目和固定劇本，劇情及音樂唱腔均從潮劇移植，可看作是「微型潮劇」。戲班演出時要搭建小型舞台，以彩眉繡幕分隔，後台操縱的人盤膝而坐，操持木偶前台表演。</span></p> <p style="white-space:normal">&nbsp;</p> <p><span leaf="">木偶戲的表演保留了皮影幕後操縱的程式，主要是靠背後三根鐵枝（劇箸）由幕後人操作。 「中箸」置於偶人背部中間，相當於中樞神經，站立、行走、作揖、轉身等動作，全靠這根「中箸」操持。 「手箸」二支分置於偶身左右兩手，在藝人的操作下，偶人兩手動作靈活，種種情態動作信「手」拈來。</span></p> </section> <section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;"> <section nodeleaf="" style="vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;"><img alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-aistatus="1" data-ratio="0.6666667" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="/data/uploads/hkgd20171027s5c490c4a75199f783e9/images/article_component/149239/20260421_113909_xfb4S2.jpg" style="vertical-align: middle; box-sizing: border-box; height: inherit; visibility: visible !important; width: 661px !important;"></section> </section> <section powered-by="xiumi.us"><span leaf="">鐵枝木偶演繹（攝影：方文奇）</span> <p style="white-space:normal">&nbsp;</p> <p><span leaf="">基本表演手法有推、拉、提、撥、抖等程序，根據劇中人物行當和劇情表演騎馬、划船、武打等等動作，這些獨特的操縱技藝，經過民間藝人一代代的傳承創新，已形成一整套完整製作和表演式樣，是珍貴的非物質文化遺產。</span></p> </section> <section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;"> <section nodeleaf="" style="vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;"><img alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-aistatus="1" data-ratio="0.6703704" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="/data/uploads/hkgd20171027s5c490c4a75199f783e9/images/article_component/149239/20260421_113909_J7jYe1.jpg" style="vertical-align: middle; box-sizing: border-box; height: inherit; visibility: visible !important; width: 661px !important;"></section> <p><span leaf="">鐵枝木偶愛好者進行技藝交流（攝影：賈天勇）</span></p> &nbsp; <p style="white-space:normal">&nbsp;</p> <p style="white-space:normal">&nbsp;</p> </section> <section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;"> <section nodeleaf="" style="vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;"><img alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-aistatus="1" data-ratio="0.537037" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1080" src="/data/uploads/hkgd20171027s5c490c4a75199f783e9/images/article_component/149239/20260421_113909_haexpz.jpg" style="vertical-align: middle; box-sizing: border-box; height: inherit; visibility: visible !important; width: 661px !important;"></section> </section> <section powered-by="xiumi.us"> <p style="white-space:normal">&nbsp;</p> <span leaf="">原澄海縣（現汕頭市澄海區）是鐵枝木偶的原創發散地，清末民初時，有不少紙影班從事偶戲這一行當，演出市場十分火熱，特別是民國中期澄海縣紙影班更是不少，如樂榮天、樂堯天等。20世紀50年代以後，紙影班開始逐年減少。 80年代開始，一些紙影班相繼恢復演出。進入歷史發展新時期，受時代發展變遷衝擊，目前只存零星戲班，演出時斷時續。</span></section> <section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;"> <section nodeleaf="" style="vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;"><img alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-aistatus="1" data-ratio="1.3312369" data-type="png" data-w="954" src="/data/uploads/hkgd20171027s5c490c4a75199f783e9/images/article_component/149239/20260421_113909_sT3vZ7.jpg" style="vertical-align: middle; box-sizing: border-box; height: inherit; visibility: visible !important; width: 661px !important;"></section> </section> <section powered-by="xiumi.us"><span leaf="">區級非遺代表性傳承人許端傑和鐵枝木偶（攝影：張文鳳）</span> <p style="white-space:normal">&nbsp;</p> <p><span leaf="">汕頭市澄海區隆都鎮前溪許村的「老玉春香」班，是澄海目前少數的戲班之一。老玉春香偶戲班在繼承傳統的表演藝術基礎上，融入現代造型藝術新元素，對偶身、頭盔、服裝等道具進行設計創新，同時積極創作原創新劇目，錄製新唱詞，排練各種特技表演動作，令人耳目一新。</span></p> <p style="white-space:normal">&nbsp;</p> <p><span leaf="">2018年《汕頭木偶戲（澄海前溪鐵枝木偶）》進入澄海區級非物質文化遺產名錄。</span></p> </section> <section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="text-align: left;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;"> <section nodeleaf="" style="vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;"><img alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-aistatus="1" data-ratio="0.75" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="/data/uploads/hkgd20171027s5c490c4a75199f783e9/images/article_component/149239/20260421_113909_W0D9aH.jpg" style="vertical-align: middle; box-sizing: border-box; height: inherit; visibility: visible !important; width: 661px !important;"></section> <p><span leaf="">潮劇表演藝術家姚璇秋老師交流指導（攝影：肖楓）</span></p> <p style="white-space:normal">&nbsp;</p> <p><span leaf="">古有陽窗紙影，今有鐵枝木偶，或拉、或提、或撥、或抖，栩栩如生，妙不可言。一人、一台、一竹蓆，幾身木偶，就是一出精彩絕倫“微型潮劇”，木偶的一抬手一投足，把傳統戲《桃花過渡》《柴房會》《楊八姐闖幽州》等具有濃厚潮汕文化特色的經典劇目，表現得淋漓盡致。</span></p> <p style="white-space:normal">&nbsp;</p> <p><span leaf="">2021年，木偶戲（湛江木偶戲）被列入第五批國家級非物質文化遺產名錄。</span></p> <section class="mp_profile_iframe_wrp" nodeleaf="">&nbsp;</section> <p style="white-space:normal">&nbsp;</p> <p style="white-space:normal">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:left; white-space:normal">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align:left; white-space:normal"><span style="color:#a0a0a0; font-size:14px"><span leaf="">（圖文來源：方</span><span style="color:#a0a0a0; font-size:14px"><span data-pm-slice="1 1 [&quot;para&quot;,{&quot;tagName&quot;:&quot;section&quot;,&quot;attributes&quot;:{&quot;powered-by&quot;:&quot;xiumi.us&quot;},&quot;namespaceURI&quot;:&quot;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&quot;},&quot;para&quot;,{&quot;tagName&quot;:&quot;p&quot;,&quot;attributes&quot;:{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;white-space: normal;&quot;},&quot;namespaceURI&quot;:&quot;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&quot;},&quot;node&quot;,{&quot;tagName&quot;:&quot;span&quot;,&quot;attributes&quot;:{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);&quot;},&quot;namespaceURI&quot;:&quot;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&quot;}]" leaf="">志</span></span><span leaf="">廣東</span><span style="color:#a0a0a0; font-size:14px"><span data-pm-slice="1 1 [&quot;para&quot;,{&quot;tagName&quot;:&quot;section&quot;,&quot;attributes&quot;:{&quot;powered-by&quot;:&quot;xiumi.us&quot;},&quot;namespaceURI&quot;:&quot;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&quot;},&quot;para&quot;,{&quot;tagName&quot;:&quot;p&quot;,&quot;attributes&quot;:{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;white-space: normal;&quot;},&quot;namespaceURI&quot;:&quot;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&quot;},&quot;node&quot;,{&quot;tagName&quot;:&quot;span&quot;,&quot;attributes&quot;:{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);&quot;},&quot;namespaceURI&quot;:&quot;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&quot;}]" leaf="">）</span></span></span></p> <span leaf="">（製作單位：廣東省人民政府地方誌辦公室</span><span data-pm-slice="1 1 [&quot;para&quot;,{&quot;tagName&quot;:&quot;section&quot;,&quot;attributes&quot;:{&quot;powered-by&quot;:&quot;xiumi.us&quot;},&quot;namespaceURI&quot;:&quot;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&quot;}]" leaf="">）</span></section> <section nodeleaf="" style="text-align: center;">&nbsp;</section> <section>&nbsp;</section> <p style="display:none">&nbsp;</p> </section> <p>&nbsp;</p>